ABSTRACT
Doze vacas lactantes Holandês-Gir (1/2), em sistema de pasto rotativo de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, foram suplementadas com concentrados contendo milho seco finamente moído (MM), milho expandido (ME), milho floculado a vapor (MF) ou milho moído reidratado e ensilado (MU). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de quadrado latino 4 x 4, com três repetições. O consumo de pasto foi maior quando as vacas foram suplementadas com MF, o que se refletiu em maior consumo de MS, PB, FDN para o mesmo tratamento. A digestibilidade aparente da MS foi maior para as dietas de MF e MM. A digestibilidade aparente da FDN foi menor para MU. A produção e composição do leite das vacas não diferiram entre os tratamentos, entretanto a eficiência alimentar foi menor para MF...
Twelve lactating Holstein-Gyr (1/2) cows in a rotational grazing system with Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa were supplemented with different concentrates containing finely ground dried corn (MM), expanded corn (ME), steam flaked corn (MF) or silage of re-hydrated ground corn (MU). The experiment was arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with three replications. Pasture intake was higher when cows were supplemented with MF, which resulted in higher DM, CP, and NDF. The apparent digestibility of DM was higher for MF and MM diets. The NDF apparent digestibility was lower for MU. Milk yield and composition did not differ between treatments; however, feed efficiency was lower for MF...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Brachiaria/adverse effects , Diet/veterinary , Flocculation , Panicum/adverse effects , Breast-Milk Substitutes , Poaceae , Infant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
El material anatómico del sistema nervioso central es cada vez más difícil de obtener. A pesar de estar fijado, es muy lábil y al ser expuesto a diversas condiciones ambientales durante las actividades docentes, se va deteriorando, resecándose, adquiriendo una consistencia rígida y un aspecto oscuro que finalmente hace difícil el reconocimiento de estructuras. De la misma manera, cuando obtenemos una pieza de un cadáver con larga data de fallecido, nos podemos encontrar con un encéfalo que por lo reseco de su estado, no presta mayor utilidad. El objetivo de esta técnica es recuperar estas muestras, para que puedan ser utilizadas convenientemente en el estudio anatómico. Se usaron distintos segmentos de encéfalo, incluidos algunos contaminados por hongos y otros obtenidos de cadáveres antiguos. Los materiales utilizados fueron, agua oxigenada, agua destilada, formalina y recipientes plásticos. Se comienza limpiando manualmente las muestras de restos de polvo y cuerpos extraños que se encuentren en su superficie. Se continúa con baños en agua oxigenada, intercalando con rehidrataciones en agua destilada, hasta obtener el color y textura deseados que permitan distinguir macroscópicamente estructuras de la muestra. Posteriormente se refuerza la fijación sumergiéndolas en formalina, para luego conservarlas en forma indefinida, humedecidas con este fijador en bolsas plásticas selladas y dentro de caja plásticas tapadas. Otras muestras fueron plastinadas posteriormente. Al finalizar la técnica la mayoría de las muestras se recuperaron notoriamente, permitiendo reconocer estructuras que por su deterioro era imposible apreciar con anterioridad. En conclusión, este método permite recuperar y darle uso a muestras que estaban prácticamente desechadas.
The anatomical material of the central nervous system is increasingly difficult to obtain. Despite being fixed, is very labile and when exposed to various environmental conditions during teaching, becomes deteriorated and drier, acquiring a rigid consistency and darker appearance, which eventually makes it difficult to recognize structures. At the same time, when we obtain a piece of a long-standing cadaver, we can come across a brain so dry, that its state does not provide any use. The aim of this technique was to recover these samples so they can be conveniently used for anatomical studies. We used various brain segments, including some contaminated with fungi and others obtained from old cadavers. The materials used were, hydrogen peroxide, distilled water, formaldehyde and plastic containers. We begin by manually cleaning the samples from any dust and foreign bodies that could be found on their surface. Then, continues with hydrogen peroxide baths, interspersing with re-hydration in distilled water, until we obtain the desired color and texture that allows us to macroscopically distinguish the structures. Subsequently, we reinforce fixation by immersing in formaldehyde. Subsequently, we keep them moistened with this fixation agent in sealed plastic bags indefinitely, inside covered plastic boxes. Other samples were subsequently plastinated. After we applied this technique, most of the samples were noticeably recovered, allowing recognition of structures that, previously because of their deterioration, were impossible to see. In conclusion, this method allows the recovering and gives use to samples that had been previously discarded.